Bismillahirrahmanirraheem
ramadhan ul mubarak ki aamad ki tahqeeq (sahi ilm) ya to is tarah hogi ki usse pahla maheena shabaan poore 30 din ka muqammal ho gaya hai to 31wa din ramadhan ki pahli tareekh hoga ya phir chand(moon) dekhne se uski aamad ka faisla hoga yani shabaan ki 30wi tareekh ko agar chand nazar aa jaaye to ramadhan ul mubarak shuru ho jayega aur is soorat me agle din ka roza rakhna farz hai isliye ki allah taala ka farmaan hai:
" tumme se jo mahina(ramadhan) ko paa le wah uske roze rakhe"
aur aap(sws) ka farmaan hai:-" jab tum chand dekh lo to roze rakho aur jab chand dekh lo to iftaar karo ,agar baadal(clouds) etc ho to 30 din ki ginti puri kar lo"
(muslim)
ramdhanul mubarak ke chand ke liye ek bharosemand shakhs ya do bharosemand(haq faisla karne waale) shakhs ki gawahi kaafi hai, isliye ki aap(sws) ne ramadhan ke chand ki roiyyat ke liye ek gawah ki gawahi ko kaafi qaraar Diya hai"
(abu dawood)
albatta iftaar ke liye shawwal ke chand ka hona kam se kam do aadil gawahon se hoga, isliye ki aap(sws) ne iftaar ke liye ek gawaah ki gawahi ko naafiz nahi kiya hai,
(tabrani, dar e kutni)
WARNING!!
jo shakhs ramadhan ka chand dekh leta hai aur(kisi wajah se) uski gawahi radd ho jaaye to wah khud roza rakhega lekin agar iftaar ka chand dekh leta hai aur uski gawahi qubool nahi hoti to wah iftaar nahi karega,
isliye ki aap(sws) ka irshad hai:-" roza us din hai jab tum roza rakho aur iftaar bhi usi din hai jab tum iftaar kar aur qurbaani bhi usi din jis din tum qurbaani karo"
(tirmizi)
ROZE KE SHARAIT AUR USKI QAZA KA BAYAAN:
1-ROZE KE SHARAIT:
Musalman par roza tab farz hai ki wah aaqil, baaligh ho isliye ki aap(sws) ka farman hai:
" 3 marfu ul qalam hain: majnu theek hone tak, sone waala bedaar hone tak aur nabaligh baligh hone tak"
(ahmad, abu dawood)
aur Musalman aurat ke liye yah bhi shart hai ki wah haiz wa nifaas se paak ho, aap(sws) ne aurat ke deeni nuksaan me farmaya:-" kya aise nahi ki jab haiz waali hati hai na namaz padhti hai aur na hi roza rakhti hai?"
(bukhari)
2- MUSAFIR KA ROZA:
Musalman jab 48 miles ke safar ka iraada kare to shariat ne use izazat di hai ki roza na rakhe aur jab ghar wapas aaye to phir qaza karle jaisa ki allah tala ka irshad hai:
" jo tumme bimaar hain ya safar me hain wah dusre dino me ginti poori karen"
haan agar roza rakhne me musaafir ko pareshaani nahi hai aur wah roza rakh leta hai to bhi theek hai aur agar roze ke dauran e safar taqleed hoti hai to iftaar bahtar hai,
hz abu saeed khudri ra farmate hain:-" ham rasoollullah(sws) ke saath jung ke liye jaate they, ramadhanul mubarak me kuch roze rakhte aur kuch na rakhte to koi kisi se shikwa(problem) nahi karta tha, albatta yah baat peshe nazar rahti thi ki Jo roza aasaani se rakh sakta hai wah roza rakhe aur kamzor hai wah iftaar kare yah accha hai"
(muslim)
3- BIMAAR KA ROZA:
ramdhanul mubarak me musalman bimaar ho jaaye to wah shakht mahnat sahan kiye bina roza rakh sakta hai to roza rakhe warna iftaar kare, phir agar us bimaari se shifa yaafta hone ki ummeed hai to un dino ke roze ki qaza karega aur agar sehat mand hone ki ummeed nahi hai aur marz lamba hai to ek mud anaaj(rizq,food) kisi haqdaar ko khilaaye,
allah ka irshaad hai:
"aur iski taaqat rakhne waale fidye me ek misqeen ka khaana de"
4- BUDHE(AGED) SHAKHS KE ROZE KA HUQM:
Musalman mard ya aurat budhape ki is hadd ko pahunch jaaye ki roza na rakh saken to ek miskeen ko khaana khilaaye,
" ibne abbas(ra) farmate hain: ek budhe ke liye izazat hai ki wah har din ke badle ek miskeen ko khaana khilaaye aur us par qaza nahi hai"
(dar e qutni, haakim wa sahih)
5- HAMILA(PREGNANT) AUR DHOODH PILAANE WAALI AURAT KE ROZE KA HUQM:
Musalman aur agar haamila hai aur roza rakhne ki soorat me use yah bache(unborn) ke liye khatra hai to iftaar kar or theek hone ke bad qaza kare,
agr yah aurat daulat mand hai to rozana 1 mud anaaj(food) bhi khairaat kare taki uske liye zyada sawab ki wajah bane or us barqat hasil ho,
yahi huqm dhoodh pilane waali aurat ka hai, use ya uski aulad ko khatra hai to wah bhi roza na rakhe jabki or koi aurat dhoodh pilane ke liye nahi milti, qur'an paak ki is ayat se yah huqm nikala gaya hai
wa aalal lazeena yuti-qu-nahu fidyatun ta-aa mu misqeen
" or uski taqat rakhne wale fidye me 1 misqin ka khana de"
"yutiqu nahu" ka asl maana yah hai ki wah roza rakhne me shadeed pareshaani paye, agar aise log iftar karen to qaza kare ya 1 miskeen ko khana khilaaye,
Note:
1- 1 shakhs bina ujar agle Ramadhan tak chut gaye rozon ki qaza nhi de saka to us par lazim hai ki wa har din k badle 1 miskin k khana khilaye or roze qaza bhi kare
2- koi musalman mar jaye or us par roze hai to uski taraf se uska wali roza rakhe, ap(sws) ka farman hai:-"jo mar jaaye or usne roze ki qaza deni hai to uska wali uski taraf se roza rakhe"
(bukhari,muslim)
ramadhan ul mubarak ki aamad ki tahqeeq (sahi ilm) ya to is tarah hogi ki usse pahla maheena shabaan poore 30 din ka muqammal ho gaya hai to 31wa din ramadhan ki pahli tareekh hoga ya phir chand(moon) dekhne se uski aamad ka faisla hoga yani shabaan ki 30wi tareekh ko agar chand nazar aa jaaye to ramadhan ul mubarak shuru ho jayega aur is soorat me agle din ka roza rakhna farz hai isliye ki allah taala ka farmaan hai:
" tumme se jo mahina(ramadhan) ko paa le wah uske roze rakhe"
aur aap(sws) ka farmaan hai:-" jab tum chand dekh lo to roze rakho aur jab chand dekh lo to iftaar karo ,agar baadal(clouds) etc ho to 30 din ki ginti puri kar lo"
(muslim)
ramdhanul mubarak ke chand ke liye ek bharosemand shakhs ya do bharosemand(haq faisla karne waale) shakhs ki gawahi kaafi hai, isliye ki aap(sws) ne ramadhan ke chand ki roiyyat ke liye ek gawah ki gawahi ko kaafi qaraar Diya hai"
(abu dawood)
albatta iftaar ke liye shawwal ke chand ka hona kam se kam do aadil gawahon se hoga, isliye ki aap(sws) ne iftaar ke liye ek gawaah ki gawahi ko naafiz nahi kiya hai,
(tabrani, dar e kutni)
WARNING!!
jo shakhs ramadhan ka chand dekh leta hai aur(kisi wajah se) uski gawahi radd ho jaaye to wah khud roza rakhega lekin agar iftaar ka chand dekh leta hai aur uski gawahi qubool nahi hoti to wah iftaar nahi karega,
isliye ki aap(sws) ka irshad hai:-" roza us din hai jab tum roza rakho aur iftaar bhi usi din hai jab tum iftaar kar aur qurbaani bhi usi din jis din tum qurbaani karo"
(tirmizi)
ROZE KE SHARAIT AUR USKI QAZA KA BAYAAN:
1-ROZE KE SHARAIT:
Musalman par roza tab farz hai ki wah aaqil, baaligh ho isliye ki aap(sws) ka farman hai:
" 3 marfu ul qalam hain: majnu theek hone tak, sone waala bedaar hone tak aur nabaligh baligh hone tak"
(ahmad, abu dawood)
aur Musalman aurat ke liye yah bhi shart hai ki wah haiz wa nifaas se paak ho, aap(sws) ne aurat ke deeni nuksaan me farmaya:-" kya aise nahi ki jab haiz waali hati hai na namaz padhti hai aur na hi roza rakhti hai?"
(bukhari)
2- MUSAFIR KA ROZA:
Musalman jab 48 miles ke safar ka iraada kare to shariat ne use izazat di hai ki roza na rakhe aur jab ghar wapas aaye to phir qaza karle jaisa ki allah tala ka irshad hai:
" jo tumme bimaar hain ya safar me hain wah dusre dino me ginti poori karen"
haan agar roza rakhne me musaafir ko pareshaani nahi hai aur wah roza rakh leta hai to bhi theek hai aur agar roze ke dauran e safar taqleed hoti hai to iftaar bahtar hai,
hz abu saeed khudri ra farmate hain:-" ham rasoollullah(sws) ke saath jung ke liye jaate they, ramadhanul mubarak me kuch roze rakhte aur kuch na rakhte to koi kisi se shikwa(problem) nahi karta tha, albatta yah baat peshe nazar rahti thi ki Jo roza aasaani se rakh sakta hai wah roza rakhe aur kamzor hai wah iftaar kare yah accha hai"
(muslim)
3- BIMAAR KA ROZA:
ramdhanul mubarak me musalman bimaar ho jaaye to wah shakht mahnat sahan kiye bina roza rakh sakta hai to roza rakhe warna iftaar kare, phir agar us bimaari se shifa yaafta hone ki ummeed hai to un dino ke roze ki qaza karega aur agar sehat mand hone ki ummeed nahi hai aur marz lamba hai to ek mud anaaj(rizq,food) kisi haqdaar ko khilaaye,
allah ka irshaad hai:
"aur iski taaqat rakhne waale fidye me ek misqeen ka khaana de"
4- BUDHE(AGED) SHAKHS KE ROZE KA HUQM:
Musalman mard ya aurat budhape ki is hadd ko pahunch jaaye ki roza na rakh saken to ek miskeen ko khaana khilaaye,
" ibne abbas(ra) farmate hain: ek budhe ke liye izazat hai ki wah har din ke badle ek miskeen ko khaana khilaaye aur us par qaza nahi hai"
(dar e qutni, haakim wa sahih)
5- HAMILA(PREGNANT) AUR DHOODH PILAANE WAALI AURAT KE ROZE KA HUQM:
Musalman aur agar haamila hai aur roza rakhne ki soorat me use yah bache(unborn) ke liye khatra hai to iftaar kar or theek hone ke bad qaza kare,
agr yah aurat daulat mand hai to rozana 1 mud anaaj(food) bhi khairaat kare taki uske liye zyada sawab ki wajah bane or us barqat hasil ho,
yahi huqm dhoodh pilane waali aurat ka hai, use ya uski aulad ko khatra hai to wah bhi roza na rakhe jabki or koi aurat dhoodh pilane ke liye nahi milti, qur'an paak ki is ayat se yah huqm nikala gaya hai
wa aalal lazeena yuti-qu-nahu fidyatun ta-aa mu misqeen
" or uski taqat rakhne wale fidye me 1 misqin ka khana de"
"yutiqu nahu" ka asl maana yah hai ki wah roza rakhne me shadeed pareshaani paye, agar aise log iftar karen to qaza kare ya 1 miskeen ko khana khilaaye,
Note:
1- 1 shakhs bina ujar agle Ramadhan tak chut gaye rozon ki qaza nhi de saka to us par lazim hai ki wa har din k badle 1 miskin k khana khilaye or roze qaza bhi kare
2- koi musalman mar jaye or us par roze hai to uski taraf se uska wali roza rakhe, ap(sws) ka farman hai:-"jo mar jaaye or usne roze ki qaza deni hai to uska wali uski taraf se roza rakhe"
(bukhari,muslim)
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